Archive for November, 2009

November 30th, 2009

A bucketfull of AWESOME!

The Royal Society of England has decided to put some of their most influential or groundbreaking papers up online at http://trailblazing.royalsociety.org/.

Their selected papers include papers by Sir Issac Newton,
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Benjamin Franklin, Edward Stone, Bayes, James Watt, James Cook, Young, Herschel, Joule, Maxwell, Rutherford, Fisher, Dirac, and many, many more.

The Royal Society (full name: The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge) was founded in 1660, and in over three and a half centuries has become a major force in science, both in funding, and publishing. The Royal Society publishes several journals, including my favorites, the Proceedings of the Royal Society, as well as the world’s longest running scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (first published 6 March 1665). For funding opportunities, I urge you to examine other sources, as I have no information.

The Trailblazing site allows you to download the papers, either singly, or by genre. if you have never read a scientific paper, I urge you to grab one, and take a look. For an exceptionally beautiful paper, I recommend This paper by Crick and Watson. It is a masterpiece, beautifully written, and elegant in the science. I once read on the Nature website that this paper was considered so obviously correct by the editor that it was immediately published, and thus made it as one of the handful of modern scientific papers that were published in a reputable journal without peer review.



November 29th, 2009

Zombie Galaxies say (Dust) Graaaains

Phil Plait has a really neat post on the evolution of spiral galactic bulges by means of dwarf cannibalization here.

It really is a neat piece of work, in which the astronomers in question took a look at a galactic cluster called Terzan 5 and discovered that it contains two populations of stars, an outer shell of older (red) stars, and an inner core of newer (blue) stars. This is interesting, yet disturbing, because if Terzan 5 is the remnants of a galaxy, then it is one pretty messed up galaxy. Assuming it is a dwarf galaxy, we can rule out that it is not a dwarf irregular, since they have no distinct shape, and Terzan 5 is spherical. We can rule out that it is a dwarf spiral for the same shape mismatch reason, and we can rule out that it is a dwarf elliptical or dwarf spheroidal, since it shows evidence of recent star formation.

Terzan 5 is probably an ultra compact dwarf galaxy, yet is shows a unique feature not known (AFAIK) to UCDs. The newer core of stars surrounded by a shell of older stars. Although this is a relatively unknown area of study, I would presume that ultra compact galactic nuclei contain a heterogeneous mixture of old and new star populations due to stellar interactions throughout their rather small core. Dr. Plait argues that the dual star populations imply that Terzan 5 is a dwarf core galaxy, but I am of the opinion that the younger stars should be on the outside, not the inside.

The one thing we both agree on is that the fact that the iron in stars in Terzan 5 matches the amounts of iron in stars in our galactic bulge. This is indicative of interactions within the two objects, although I am not convinced that it is because the Milky Way stripped Terzan 5 of its outer stars and added them to the bulge. It is a tantalizing mystery, one that can only be sure to add to the mystique of galactic evolution.

November 28th, 2009

121 Posts

Well folks, this is my 121st post. When I started blogging last year, I figured it would be pretty easy to do, you know, throw a few words up about a given topic, get some readers, toss up some ads, and retire to a life of internet work. Boy was I wrong. Blogging has become one of the hardest, yet most fulfilling things I have done in a long time. I originally intended for this blog to be strictly about math and physics, but I have found that those topics take a long time to create, and my blogging topics have expanded. Despite the time involved, I still enjoy writing, and I hope that some of you, my wonderful readers, have enjoyed what I have written. I also hope that you will continue to enjoy it, and will keep coming back to read posts I make in the future.

In honor of this post being a rather fun square number, I present:

Some interesting facts about the number 121.

  • 121 is the third smallest three digit palindrome.
  • Like all powers of 11, the second to last digit indicates the power. In this case, 121 = 11^2. (14641 = 11^4, etc).
  • 121 is the third row of Pascals triangle. Pascals triangle is also connected to powers of 11 by 11^(row – 1). The correct power is indicated by the second to last number in the row.
  • It is the only square of the form 1+p+p^2+p^3+p^4 currently known.
  • Fermat conjectured that 4 and 121 are the only squares of the form x^3 - 4.
  • It is also one of the few square of the form n! + 1

Some facts about the blog.

  • At this moment, I currently have 121 posts.
  • I have 75 comments, with them all being in either English, or Russian.
  • Physics is my most talked about subject, followed by Economics.
  • Over the year and a quarter I have had this blog, it has generated just over three dollars in revenue through ad views and clicks.
  • My most viewed post is a guest post made by Dr. Gordon Watts. That one post receives almost thirty percent of my traffic, even today.
  • I have been visited by the unwashed hordes from 4chan. In twenty minutes, they ate close to a gig of bandwidth, thirty to fifty times more then I usually use in a month.
  • I have still have not figured out how to use RSS feeds, trackback, or content management for Wordpress yet.

For those of you whom have stopped by, I wish to thank you, and I hope that you will stop by again!

November 27th, 2009

Musical Universe Supplimental Podcast

Musical Universe is my Astronomy and Astrophysics internet radio show every Sunday night from 9pm to 11pm CST. (UDT -6)

Since I have been sick recently, I decided to produce a series of supplemental podcasts to replace the missing shows. Here is the first one, produced with no editing, and no script, just like the show.

Some small notes: In the podcast I make the comment “my friend Caolinn O’Connell”. She isn’t really a friend, more of an acquaintance, I do know of her work from a blog she had back in 2005. I apologize for the low volume of the piece, I can’t really speak at full power yet. it strains my throat too much.

November 26th, 2009

Japanese Neutrino Experiment T2K

From Astronomy.com and Symmetry Breaking, comes the next chapter in Japanese neutrino physics, the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment.

T2K is a neutrino beam generated by a particle accelerator directed at a target clear across the country of Japan, and the target, fourteen iron and scintillation boxes designed to pick up the neutrinos. The neutrinos are generated by a 30 GeV proton beam slamming into a carbon target to produce a short lived particle called pions. The pions decay while travelling through a helium filled space, producing neutrinos. Charged pions decay via the weak interaction (W^{+}) to form a muon and a muon neutrino. The muon then decays to a positron, electron neutrino, and a muon antineutrino.

\pi^+ \rightarrow \mu^+ + \nu_\mu and \mu^+ \rightarrow e^+ + \nu_e + \bar{\nu}_\mu

Thus, the majority of our neutrinos are expected to be muon neutrinos, alongside their antineutrino counterparts, assuming we start with positively charged pions. Since neutrinos oscillate between their three flavors, some of the neutrinos are expected to change into other neutrino forms, while their antineutrino counterparts change into other antineutrino forms. The differences between the amount of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations will help narrow down the differences between matter and antimatter.

From their press release comes evidence that T2K has had three neutrino hits, in line with expectations. Indeed, you can see one of the hits directly here. I look forward to seeing what kind of useful physics comes out of this experiment, since antimatter and matter differ on a fundamental level, and this experiment will root out some of those deep differences with fundamental particles. Since we are dealing with neutrinos, it will also help identify physics beyond the standard model, our current best theory for dealing with particle physics.



Reading the press release carefully, one will note that Symmetry Breaking has copied the press release verbatim, a kind of dick move on their part. Not the worst thing they could have done, since they at least attribute the press release, and link it, but they could have at least given their analysis on it. Your thoughts?

November 25th, 2009

Apple is DOA

From Engadget.

New apple computers are showing up at consumers doors with cracked LCDs, or dead on arrival. For some smug apple users, they never even noticed, what with their heads being big and all. “It’s an environment saving feature!”, they’ll claim.

Good. I never did like those overpriced pieces of proprietary hardware anyway. I don’t want to pay an extra grand for “the experience”, I want to spend as little as possible, and get as much as possible.

My biggest issue with Macs is the interface. Well, that’s not quite true. My biggest issue is the one button mouse, my second is the interface. If I soak my keyboard in grease (mostly true story), how can I Control-Click? You can’t! End of story. Call me lazy, but I am not going to use two pieces of hardware to do one function. Nor am I going to go out and spend $200 on a two button mouse, because, hey, I just spend $2800 on a fucking computer. I built my last computer for $45, and it does everything I want it to (surf the net, not get viruses, right click). You can’t even find peripherals for a Mac for $45.

Now, the interface. I tried to like the Mac, I really did. I used one for four months at school, before I made up my mind and went back to my Windows machine. I don’t like the lack of taskbar. I also don’t like my icons changing sizes when I mouse over them. Nor do I like the fact that the red, yellow, and green buttons on the window all minimize the program window, not a-one of them will actually close the damn program. For that, you have to go to the menu/OS bar at the top of the screen. That the bars are the damn same bothers me, but I don’t remember why. Maybe it has to do with the fact that I minimized a whole shitload of windows (using the red X), then closed out of what I thought was one program, but ended up being another one that I vitally needed. Yeah, I didn’t like wasting fourteen hours of simulation time because I couldn’t tell the difference between programs on the menu bar. Thanks a fucking lot, Mac.

November 24th, 2009

LHC Collisions!

After a year plus of being repaired, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) circulated its first beams late last Friday, and commenced with low energy collisions today!

After checking that each section could curve particles as expected, as well as checking to make sure each beam dump worked, CERN finally circulated counter rotating beams about the LHC. Once the beams were in place, they began to work on beam lifetime, going from thirty minutes to a still theoretical ten and a half hour lifetime. (This will be easily reached.) Once the beams had sufficient lifetime in the collider, they brought the beams together in a collision! Holy crap!

CERN is colliding the beams in each one of the massive devices instruments at a time, giving them the chance to use real world data to perform shakedown cruses, as you will. As of this writing, I am aware of collisions in ATLAS, the CMS, and rapidly coming up in TOTEM, ALICE, and LHCb, with the others to follow shortly. Around Christmas, after instrument testing and shakedown, the beams will be ramped up from their current energy of 450 GeV to 1.2 TeV, for a center of mass energy of 2.4 TeV, a record setting energy.

Congrats to all involved, and a hearty ho-ho to all. Now the real work of discovery begins.

Links for more information:

CERN Press Release

A Cosmic Variance Blog Post

A different Cosmic Variance author, with more information

CMS Commentary

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November 23rd, 2009

New Drug to Make Republicans Smarter

According to this AAAS article, clinical trials are currently underway to see if blocking overactive glutamate receptors in the brain can block the effects of Fragile X, primarily mental retardation.

The hope is that once the Fragile X is suppressed, therapy can rewire the brain to allow it to overcome the limitations imposed by the haywire genetics, thus allowing people once afflicted to lead normal, healthy lives.

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Fragile X

In a nutshell, Fragile X is caused by DNA methylation of the FMR1 genome on the X sex chromosome. It causes a longer face, large or protruding ears, flat feet, low muscle tone, and mental retardation. People with Fragile X have a learning rate 2.2 times less than ordinary people, and as they grow older, they lose their ability to make decisions and recall events. Verbal working memory (speech, basically) is found to decay with age; cluttered speech and self talk are common.

November 18th, 2009

Musical Universe Is Moving

Musical Universe is moving from Tuesdays at 9pm Central Time to Sunday 9-11pm Central Time (UDT-6).

If you are at all interested in Physics, Particle Physics, Astrophysics, Astro-Engineering, or Astronomy in general, please come on down to Riverfrontradio.com on Sundays, and listen in.

November 17th, 2009

A wonderful comment

I am white. In fact, I fancy myself an Astrophysicist and I solve number theory problems for fun. This, as the core of my awesome nerdular nerdage, makes me whiter than sour cream.

My girlfriend is black. She is one of the darkest individuals you have probably ever see, darker than Barack Obama, Mike Tyson, and Halle Berry put together. But just because she is black doesn’t mean she is your stereotypical BET movie-of-the-week illiterate vapid, angry black woman. She completed a degree in Chemical Engineering from the prestigious Missouri University of Science and Technology, and the aforementioned stereotypes piss her off. I have been dating her for six years, and before her, I dated a mocha skinned black gal for a year and a half.

Something new happened just the other day. We were sitting down together in a little business office, and a woman came up to us and asked if we were together. My girlfriend shyly answered yes, and the woman said we look good together The gal said we looked like responsible people, and that we looked cute as a couple. In almost eight years of dating black women, this is the FIRST time someone has ever complimented my girlfriend and myself on our appearance together. Angelica (my current gf) and myself get a lot of snide comments when we go out, but this was the first time we had a compliment. I was so shocked I didn’t know what to say.

Angelica and I have been cursed at, mocked, yelled at, refused service, harassed, and even attacked, but this was the first time we had ever gotten a compliment. Even though de jure segregation ended almost a half century ago, and interracial marriage is legal in Missouri, and fairly common here in St. Louis, doesn’t mean that some people accept those of us who look beyond the color of our skin to find love.

I love Angelica more then anyone else, and I cannot imagine being without her. Why so many people go out of their way to express their displeasure towards us makes me curious about their sad little lives. I find myself wondering what kind of pathetic person would intentionally harass others based solely on the differences in their skin color, without knowing anything about the people they deride.

I would have hoped that in this day and age, Americans would have gotten over this irrational fear of each other, and would have learned to accept us for whom we are, not what we look like. Almost daily it appears I am wrong, as these fools pester us almost continually.

I guess that is why a simple compliment threw me for such an extreme loop. I hope my children will not have to endure this, much as Angelica and I have.



Postscript

Missouri University of Science and Technology was formerly known as the University of Missouri – Rolla. They changed names on 1 January, 2008. Before 1964, it was known as the Missouri School of Mines. The proper abbreviation is Missouri S&T, not MS&T like many are wont to write, myself included.

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